EAR
Beginner
U.S. rules for sending abroad things that have both everyday and military uses.
Novice
Export Administration Regulations: U.S. Commerce Department rules for items with both civilian and military uses. Each item gets a classification code (an ECCN) on the Commerce Control List.
Expert
Also covers the less sensitive “600 series” military items; ASICs programmed for them fall under ECCN 3A611.f. Radiation-hardened ICs above set thresholds are controlled under 3A001.a.1.