Latent fault metric (LFM)
Beginner
How well a chip finds hidden faults. Alone they do no harm, but they could team up with a second fault.
Novice
How well a chip finds hidden faults: ones that cause no harm on their own and go unnoticed, but could combine with a second fault later. Targets: at least 60% for ASIL B, 80% for C and 90% for D.
Expert
Coverage of multiple-point faults that would otherwise stay latent. These often sit in the safety mechanisms themselves; logic and memory BIST and self-checks on the mechanisms raise LFM.
Explained in Automotive (Industries).
See also: Single-point fault metric (SPFM), LBIST.