Counterfeit part
Beginner
A fake or used chip sold as if it were new and real.
Novice
A part that is recycled, re-marked, copied or otherwise misrepresented. It may work at first, then fail early or out of specification.
Expert
Most common for parts no longer in production, bought from independent brokers. Countermeasures include buying from authorized sources, inspection and testing, and authentication built into the package, such as DARPA’s SHIELD dielet.
Explained in Defense (Industries).