Packet spraying
Beginner
Sending the pieces of one big message down all the available routes at once instead of one route.
Novice
Spreading the packets of a single flow across all equal-cost paths, packet by packet. Load becomes even, but packets can arrive out of order, so the receiver has to put them back together.
Expert
Per-packet (or per-small-batch) multipath. Removes hash collisions; requires a transport that tolerates reordering (selective acknowledgment, out-of-order placement) and handles loss detection without relying on ordering. Ultra Ethernet’s unordered delivery modes are designed around it.
Explained in Scale-out networking (Systems).
See also: ECMP (equal-cost multipath), Adaptive routing.