Functional safety
Beginner
Making sure that when electronics break, they break in a way that doesn’t hurt anyone.
Novice
The engineering discipline of making sure a malfunctioning electronic system doesn’t create an unreasonable risk of harm. For cars it is defined by the standard ISO 26262.
Expert
Covers random hardware faults (quantified by architectural metrics and PMHF) and systematic faults such as design bugs (controlled by process). Failures of perception and of the intended function, with no fault present, fall under ISO 21448 (SOTIF).